set git to remember password in memory

git config --global credential.helper cache

http://gitref.org/

Initialize a git repo. This can be used to do minor management without a server

cd /project/directory/
git init
git add somefile.ext
git commit -m 'Initial commit.'

Restore a deleted file

  • CD to the directory that contained the file
  • run git log to see list of all commits
git log --stat
  • Output:
    commit 1f51a84aa9b7e...f2438e0a2340d40c
    Author: Brian Kohles <[email protected]>
    Date:   Wed Jan 20 16:35:08 2016 +0000
    
          deleting old data conversion scripts
    	
      .../files/opt/opendj/dataConversion/b2e/convertTdsToOpenDjB2E.sh                  | 19 -------------------
      .../files/opt/opendj/dataConversion/b2e/removeDupeMembers.pl                      | 38 --------------------------------------
      2 files changed, 57 deletions(-)
    
  • find the commit that caused the delete
    543445a8d06...7d7b7e8a8446 (Wed Jan 20 20:45:02 2016 +0000)
    1f51a84aa9b7e...80a2340d40c (Wed Jan 20 16:35:08 2016 +0000)
    
  • 1f51a84aa9b7e - deleted in this commit
  • 54aaadd6d09 - checkout from the previous commit
  • view the changes for that commit

Compare a branch to origin/prod listing only the changed files

if already in the branch

git diff --name-status origin/prod
git diff --name-only origin/prod...

checking a branch that you don’t have checked out

git diff --name-status origin/prod...origin/dev_new

compare staged changes against HEAD?

git diff --staged

show the number of changes per file

git diff --stat origin/prod origin/dev_new

Comparing an individual file against prod

git diff origin/prod infra_modules/ldap_opendj_b2e_server_v1_0_0/data/categories/appl/common.yaml

branch - list branches

git branch
  • list the checked out branches, current branch is green with a *
git branch -a
  • list all branches local and remote
git branch -r
  • list all remote branches

Remove a file from a commit after adding it

git reset <file>

switch to a different branch

git checkout <branch>

merge changes from origin/prod into the current branch

git merge origin/prod

create a new copy of the puppet repo

git clone git@host:puppet-sbx/puppet-environments.git

Keep the code up to date with everything else happening

git fetch # grab the current updates for this branch
git merge origin/prod # merge updates from origin
git push # push all the changes back into our branch

General GIT flow

Initial setup

  • Create a new copy of the repo
git clone git@host:puppet-sbx/puppet-environments.git
  • Checkout the branch you want to work with
git checkout <branch>
  • Get the current version of the branch
git fetch

Ongoing work

  • Make changes to the files as needed
  • Add changes to commit
git add [list of files/paths]
  • Commit added changes (only commits locally)
git commit -m "[commit comment]"
  • Push commits to remote
git push

On a regular basis (daily/weekly) - Pull in changes that have occurred outside of current branch

  • get updates from branch
git fetch --prune # --prune to remove files.
  • merge updates from origin (merge will also do a commit of the updates)
git rebase origin/prod
  • push these updates back up to our branch
git push

checkout file to how it was at the previous commit (does this actually go back to the last commit, or the state of HEAD?)

git checkout -- <file(s)>

Setup git pull to use rebase by default. Should already be in /etc/gitconfig

git config --global branch.autosetuprebase always

Setup git push to use simple push by default. Should already be in /etc/gitconfig

git config --global push.default simple

Speed up git by enabling preloadindex. Should already be in /etc/gitconfig

git config --global core.preloadindex true

graph out the log data into branches

git log --graph --decorate --pretty=oneline --abbrev-commit prod origin/prod temp

Figure out how to undo something in GIT

https://sethrobertson.github.io/GitFixUm/fixup.html

Show files ready to push

git diff --numstat [remote repo/branch]

Determine what branches are merged to master

git branch --merged master
  • lists branches merged into master
git branch --merged
  • lists branches merged into HEAD (i.e. tip of current branch)
git branch --no-merged
  • lists branches that have not been merged

Show the difference between a commit and its ancestor

git diff COMMIT_HASH^ COMMIT_HASH
  • The ^ gets the first parent of the commit then compares that to the actual commit
  • On linux this can be shorted to git diff COMMIT{^,}
    • the “{^,}” will expand & create two arguments passed to git diff one with the carat & the second without

pick specific commits to pull from one branch into another. Useful for creating hot fixes to push out before a full branch is ready.

git cherry-pick COMMIT_HASH
  • add “–stdin” to paste in a list of hashes

using vimdiff to solve git merge conflicts

http://www.rosipov.com/blog/use-vimdiff-as-git-mergetool/

Creating a diff from one branch to move changes to a new branch

  • While in the branch with the changes:
git diff origin/prod > changes.diff
  • review the diff files & delete any sections (the whole section) for changes you don’t want to apply.
  • checkout the branch you want to move the changes to:
  • move the changes.diff file to the root of your git directory
  • apply the changes
git apply -p1 changes.diff
  • if this fails with “patch does not apply” try:
git apply --reject --whitespace=fix mychanges.patch
  • This will apply each patch individually & create a rejects file (in the same location as the file to be patched) for any patches that fail. This narrows down the manual changes to just a couple.

Find what files have changed since your branch diverged from origin

git diff --name-only origin...

Using Stash

git stash
  • stash the current changes
git stash list
  • list out the current stashes
  • stash@{#} – this is the stash number
git stash show -p <stash@{#}>
  • Show the diff of the last or given stash
git stash apply <stash@{#}>
  • Apply the last or given stash
git stash drop <stash@{#}>
  • remove the named stash from the stack
git stash pop
  • does an apply & a drop of the stash